2City packs
What each metro page is built from.
The provenance string stored on the pack. US metros
quote Census vintages, LEHD, HPMS, hydrography and agency GTFS.
International metros quote OSM land use, a sourced population series and
agency GTFS, and they say when jobs or commute flows are derived. Generated
by site/tools/build-cities.mjs.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Existing transit: none in this pack yet (no GTFS URL, or the feed had no mapped routes). DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap contributors via Overpass. Dated railway=tram|light_rail|subway ways with start_date and/or end_date in bbox 52.2276,4.7641,52.5076,5.0441 (padDeg 0.14 around 52.3676,4.9041). Public domain (CC0). Still-running subway/tram (no end_date, or end_date 2024+) omitted so GTFS can inherit them. OpenHistoricalMap
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2022 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap contributors. Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Electric Railway ways (start_date 1908, end_date 1935) and Annapolis and Baltimore Short Line / Baltimore & Annapolis Railroad alignment. Electric passenger service on the B&A ended 5 February 1950 (Wikipedia, "Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad"; last interurban day recorded on the GS Tram Site Baltimore 1950 page). Public domain (CC0). OpenHistoricalMap
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920–2020: sourced series in site/data/history, scaled to the pack 2020 zone total. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: Samford University GIS (cwilli49), Streetcar Lines of Birmingham, Alabama over time (ArcGIS item 169d58bce45545b9b7df2bcd47d6a528). Time-enabled Date_Start / Date_End on each alignment. Last Birmingham Transit streetcar 19 April 1953 (UAB Vulcan Historical Review, “End of the Line”). Streetcar Lines of Birmingham, Alabama over time
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap contributors. Dated railway=tram / light_rail / subway ways with start_date or end_date. Public domain (CC0). Ways lacking end_date closed at last Charlotte streetcars 1938. OpenHistoricalMap
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap contributors, dated railway=tram ways (CC0). City of Cleveland Heights, Former Streetcar Routes GIS (DATE_START/DATE_CLOSE). Missing Heights close years after Kish, Steve. “The Electric Transit Era in Cleveland Heights.” Cleveland Heights Historical Society Journal, Winter 2023. Interurban close years: Encyclopedia of Cleveland History (LSE last car 15 May 1938; NOT&L 1932); Don’s Depot (Cleveland & Eastern last cars 31 Mar 1925); Sheffield Village Bicentennial Bulletin 15 (Avon Beach & Southern abandoned 1 Apr 1925). Shaker Heights Rapid (Cleveland Interurban Railroad / Cleveland & Youngstown Electric Railroad) remains in service. OpenHistoricalMap + City of Cleveland Heights Former Streetcar Routes
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap contributors, dated railway=tram ways (CC0). Close years: Scioto Valley passenger service ended 30 Sep 1930 (Rails and Trails / Ohio PUC); Columbus, Grove City & Southwestern discontinued 1922 (Columbus Railroads; ChicagoRailfan IC&E); Columbus, Newark & Zanesville / Southern Ohio Public Service discontinued 1929; Columbus Central (Westerville) abandoned 1929 (Columbus Railroads); Columbus, Delaware & Marion passenger abandoned Aug 1933. City Columbus Railway Power & Light streetcar grid is not in this extract. OpenHistoricalMap
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2022 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap Overpass (https://overpass-api.openhistoricalmap.org/api/interpreter). Dated railway=tram|light_rail|subway ways with start_date and end_date in the Hong Kong padDeg bbox. Hong Kong Island trams (Hong Kong Tramways) still operate and were omitted even when OHM stores an end_date on a way. Remaining pieces are dated subway alignments (e.g. Kwun Tong Line harbour-crossing section superseded 2002). Coordinates copied from OHM geometry, not invented. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap Overpass
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2022 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Existing transit: none (no GTFS feed configured for this metro, or it carried no rail). Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: Kevin Kastner / rwilhite6, Indianapolis Historic Streetcar Layer (ArcGIS). Features with ServiceStartDate and ServiceEndDate only; undated-end alignments omitted. Terre Haute, Indianapolis & Eastern interurban segment from OpenHistoricalMap (way name, 1912–1940, CC0). Indianapolis Historic Streetcar Layer (Kevin Kastner)
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap contributors via Overpass. Dated railway=tram|light_rail|subway ways with start_date and/or end_date in bbox 51.2874,-0.3476,51.7274,0.0924 (padDeg 0.22 around 51.5074,-0.1276). Public domain (CC0). Still-running subway/tram (no end_date, or end_date 2024+) omitted so GTFS can inherit them. Tram/light_rail ways with start_date but no end_date that opened before the modern network used the documented last-car year: TfL Corporate Archives Research Guide No 4 and London Transport Museum: last first-generation tram in passenger service 5 July 1952 (route 40 Woolwich–New Cross). Tramlink (2000) is still running and is not given this envelope. OpenHistoricalMap
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: Sean Willis, University of Louisville Urban Design Studio, Rails to the Past streetcar trackage (ArcGIS). Yearly network extents digitized from dated maps in Biemer, Martin E., James B. Calvert, and George H. Yater, Louisville’s Street Railways, and Louisville Railway Co. maps. Each snapshot is shown from its map year until the year before the next mapped year (last map 1948). Rails to the Past (University of Louisville Urban Design Studio)
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Historic streetcar routes in Milwaukee web map, layer “1936 Streetcar Routes” (ArcGIS item 1cf4b91441b6460cacd2ffc32b8645fd). Alignments digitized from historic maps; snapshot of the TMER&L/TMER&T city streetcar network in 1936. TMER&L founded 29 Jan 1896 (MCTS history). Last Milwaukee streetcar 2 Mar 1958 on Wells Street (MCTS; TMER Historical Society). Modern Hop streetcar omitted. OpenHistoricalMap had no dated tram ways in the Milwaukee bbox. UWM Historic streetcar routes in Milwaukee (1936 Streetcar Routes)
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: Metropolitan Council, Historical Transit Routes (public domain). Years and alignments after Diers, John W., and Aaron Isaacs. Twin Cities by Trolley: The Streetcar Era in Minneapolis and St. Paul. University of Minnesota Press, 2007. Metropolitan Council Historical Transit Routes
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2022 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: Association of Central Oklahoma Governments, Historical (Pre-1947) Streetcars/Interurbans (StreetcarLines_020514). YEAR_BUILT / YEAR_ABAND from ACOG staff compilation after Doug Loudenback. Where YEAR_ABAND is blank, closed year is the documented 1947 abandonment of the original Oklahoma Railway system (ACOG, “Central Oklahoma’s Historical Streetcar System”). ACOG Historical (Pre-1947) Streetcars/Interurbans
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: City of Omaha Planning / DCGIS, Omaha Streetcar Routes view, historic features (status=0). year_ended is the GIS close year. year_created is blank on all historic rows; opened year 1888 is the documented start of electric streetcars under the Omaha Motor Railway (Omaha Horse Railway 1868; last cars 4 March 1955). MAPA Omaha_Historic_Streetcar is a 1900–1927 snapshot without per-feature years and was not used. City of Omaha Streetcar Routes (historic)
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Existing transit: none in this pack yet (no GTFS URL, or the feed had no mapped routes). Metro population 1920–2020: sourced series in site/data/history, scaled to the pack 2020 zone total. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap Overpass (https://overpass-api.openhistoricalmap.org/api/interpreter). Dated railway=tram|light_rail|subway ways with start_date and end_date. Osaka Municipal Tram (大阪市電) ways with start_date and end_date; passenger streetcars ended 1969. Current Osaka Metro subway ways without end_date omitted. Coordinates copied from OHM geometry, not invented. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap Overpass
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Existing transit: none (no GTFS feed configured for this metro, or it carried no rail). Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap contributors. Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company (Red Arrow) Ardmore trolley, dated route=light_rail relations (abandoned 29 December 1966). Public domain (CC0). Fairmount Park Trolley Trail centerline from Philadelphia Parks & Recreation via PASDA (https://www.pasda.psu.edu/uci/DataSummary.aspx?dataset=1581); Fairmount Park trolley operated 1896–1946 (Fairmount Park Conservancy). OpenHistoricalMap; Philadelphia Parks & Recreation
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap contributors. Pittsburgh Railways Charleroi interurban and Donora Shuttle, dated route=light_rail relations (passenger service ended 29 June 1953). Public domain (CC0). OpenHistoricalMap
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: City of Raleigh / GoRaleigh Historical Equity Explore web map (R_D_GIS_T_Historical_Equity_Web_WFL1). Raleigh Street Railway Company routes (1886–1894, FeatureServer/25) and Raleigh Electric Company routes (1894–1908, FeatureServer/21). Opened years from feature names where present (1886, 1892, 1898); otherwise the company period on the source group layer. Carolina Power & Light streetcars after 1908 are not in this GIS (last Raleigh streetcars 1934). Raleigh Streetcar Era (City of Raleigh Historical Equity)
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: City of Richmond GIS (brian.mercer_cor), Richmond Trolley Map 1930. Digitized 1930 trolley map including some lines already discontinued by then. Opened year is Richmond’s first electric streetcars (Union Passenger Railway, 1888); closed year is the last Virginia Transit Co. cars, 25 November 1949 (Richmond Times-Dispatch). Same snapshot-to-system-envelope treatment as Atlanta’s 1928 Georgia Power trolley tracks. Richmond Trolley Map 1930
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920–2020: sourced series in site/data/history, scaled to the pack 2020 zone total. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap ways tagged railway=tram|light_rail with start_date and end_date. CC0. Coordinates copied from OHM geometry; none invented. OpenHistoricalMap Overpass
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2022 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap contributors. railway=tram ways traced from Olsen 1889 (Texas State Library Map 124 / MapWarper 84705), start_date 1889. Closed year 1933 attached from the documented last year of San Antonio Public Service Company streetcar service (SAPSCO paid the city to abandon rail in 1933; Texas Transportation Museum; Express-News). Public domain (CC0). City of San Antonio GIS has no dated historic street railway layer. OpenHistoricalMap
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap ways tagged railway=tram|light_rail with start_date and end_date. CC0. Coordinates copied from OHM geometry; none invented. OpenHistoricalMap Overpass
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920–2020: sourced series in site/data/history, scaled to the pack 2020 zone total. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap ways tagged railway=tram|light_rail with start_date and end_date. CC0. Coordinates copied from OHM geometry; none invented. OpenHistoricalMap Overpass
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Existing transit: none in this pack yet (no GTFS URL, or the feed had no mapped routes). DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap contributors. Dated Illinois Terminal / Illinois Traction ways and route relations with start_date and end_date in the St. Louis–Alton area (passenger era through 1958). Broader OHM query found no dated United Railways / St. Louis Public Service streetcar ways. Public domain (CC0). OpenHistoricalMap
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Existing transit: none in this pack yet (no GTFS URL, or the feed had no mapped routes). DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: guerradf23, 1920–1940 Tampa Streetcar Route Map (ArcGIS web map). Alignments traced from the georeferenced 1920 Fulton Guide Map of Tampa and 1940 TECO Streetcar Map and Schedule. First year known open 1920 (Fulton map); closed year 4 August 1946, last Tampa Electric Birney (Tampa Bay History Center). 1920–1940 Tampa Streetcar Route Map
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920–2020: sourced series in site/data/history, scaled to the pack 2020 zone total. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water and roads: TIGERweb Hydrography and Transportation. Transit lines, stations and line colours: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
OBSERVED — Water, major roads and land-use polygons: OpenStreetMap (ODbL), Overpass extract of the playable core. Transit lines and stations: the operating agency's published GTFS feed. DERIVED — metro population before 2020 is not in this pack; era back-cast uses the national factor in eras.ts until a sourced series is stamped. DERIVED — zone population and jobs from OSM land-use area shares of the 2020 total; home-to-work odSeed is a gravity model (not a census commuting matrix); households from population ÷ 2.35; income unknown (medianIncomeUsd 0). This is not a US Census / LODES pack.
OBSERVED — Zones, centroids, land area and boundaries: US Census TIGERweb, 2020 tract vintage. Population, population 18+ and occupied households: 2020 Census PL94-171 (P1/P3/H1). Median household income: ACS 2018-2022 5-year, table B19013; tracts the Census suppresses are recorded as unknown and are never estimated. Jobs, workers and home-to-work flows: LEHD LODES8 2022 (WAC/RAC/OD main, JT00 S000). Water: TIGERweb Hydrography. Roads, traffic counts and lane counts: FHWA HPMS 2020 (f_system 1-4), as reported by the state DOT. Existing transit: none (no GTFS feed configured for this metro, or it carried no rail). Metro population 1920-2020: decennial census county counts (Forstall 1790–1990; Census 2000–2020), summed for the pack counties and scaled to the pack’s 2020 tract total where the geographies differ. DERIVED — incomeIdx (each tract's real median divided by the real metro median); cbdDistKm (distance from the metro centre).
Historic map: OpenHistoricalMap via QLever SPARQL. Dated railway=tram/light_rail ways. CC0. OpenHistoricalMap QLever
